2 Samuel 13:1

Authorized King James Version

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And it came to pass after this, that Absalom the son of David had a fair sister, whose name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֣י H1961
וַיְהִ֣י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 14
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
אַֽחֲרֵי And it came to pass after H310
אַֽחֲרֵי And it came to pass after
Strong's: H310
Word #: 2 of 14
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
כֵ֗ן H3651
כֵ֗ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 3 of 14
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
וּלְאַבְשָׁל֧וֹם this that Absalom H53
וּלְאַבְשָׁל֧וֹם this that Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 4 of 14
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 5 of 14
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
דָּוִֽד׃ of David H1732
דָּוִֽד׃ of David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 6 of 14
david, the youngest son of jesse
אָח֥וֹת sister H269
אָח֥וֹת sister
Strong's: H269
Word #: 7 of 14
a sister (used very widely [like h0251], literally and figuratively)
יָפָ֖ה had a fair H3303
יָפָ֖ה had a fair
Strong's: H3303
Word #: 8 of 14
beautiful (literally or figuratively)
וּשְׁמָ֣הּ whose name H8034
וּשְׁמָ֣הּ whose name
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 9 of 14
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
תָּמָ֑ר was Tamar H8559
תָּמָ֑ר was Tamar
Strong's: H8559
Word #: 10 of 14
tamar, the name of three women and a place
וַיֶּֽאֱהָבֶ֖הָ loved H157
וַיֶּֽאֱהָבֶ֖הָ loved
Strong's: H157
Word #: 11 of 14
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
אַמְנ֥וֹן and Amnon H550
אַמְנ֥וֹן and Amnon
Strong's: H550
Word #: 12 of 14
amnon (or aminon), a son of david
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 13 of 14
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
דָּוִֽד׃ of David H1732
דָּוִֽד׃ of David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 14 of 14
david, the youngest son of jesse

Analysis & Commentary

And it came to pass after this, that Absalom the son of David had a fair sister, whose name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Amnon and Tamar, emphasizing unresolved sin, family breakdown. Amnon's rape of Tamar and Absalom's revenge illustrate how unresolved sin metastasizes into family-wide dysfunction. David's failure to discipline Amnon (possibly from guilt over his own sexual sin) enabled further tragedy. Hebrew terminology emphasizes Tamar's desolation and Absalom's calculated hatred. The narrative demonstrates intergenerational sin consequences and the necessity of proper justice administration.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 13 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding unresolved sin, family breakdown provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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